5 - HDFS destination options
The hdfs destination stores the log messages in files on the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS). The hdfs destination has the following options.
The following options are required: hdfs-file(), hdfs-uri(). Note that to use hdfs, you must add the following line to the beginning of your AxoSyslog configuration:
client-lib-dir()
| |
| Type: | string |
| Default: | The AxoSyslog module directory: /opt/syslog-ng/lib/syslog-ng/java-modules/ |
Description: The list of the paths where the required Java classes are located. For example, class-path("/opt/syslog-ng/lib/syslog-ng/java-modules/:/opt/my-java-libraries/libs/"). If you set this option multiple times in your AxoSyslog configuration (for example, because you have multiple Java-based destinations), AxoSyslog will merge every available paths to a single list.
For the hdfs destination, include the path to the directory where you copied the required libraries (see Prerequisites), for example, client-lib-dir("/opt/syslog-ng/lib/syslog-ng/java-modules/:/opt/hadoop/libs/").
disk-buffer()
Description: This option enables putting outgoing messages into the disk buffer of the destination to avoid message loss in case of a system failure on the destination side. It has the following options:
capacity-bytes()
| Type: | number (bytes) |
| Default: | 1MiB |
Description: This is a required option. The maximum size of the disk-buffer in bytes. The minimum value is 1048576 bytes. If you set a smaller value, the minimum value will be used automatically. It replaces the old log-disk-fifo-size() option.
In AxoSyslog version 4.2 and earlier, this option was called disk-buf-size().
compaction()
Description: If set to yes, AxoSyslog prunes the unused space in the LogMessage representation, making the disk queue size smaller at the cost of some CPU time. Setting the compaction() argument to yes is recommended when numerous name-value pairs are unset during processing, or when the same names are set multiple times.
Note
Simply unsetting these name-value pairs by using the unset() rewrite operation is not enough, as due to performance reasons that help when AxoSyslog is CPU bound, the internal representation of a LogMessage will not release the memory associated with these name-value pairs. In some cases, however, the size of this overhead becomes significant (the raw message size can grow up to four times its original size), which unnecessarily increases the disk queue file size. For these cases, the compaction will drop unset values, making the LogMessage representation smaller at the cost of some CPU time required to perform compaction.
dir()
Description: Defines the folder where the disk-buffer files are stored.
Warning
When creating a new dir() option for a disk buffer, or modifying an existing one, make sure you delete the persist file.
AxoSyslog creates disk-buffer files based on the path recorded in the persist file. Therefore, if the persist file is not deleted after modifying the dir() option, then following a restart, AxoSyslog will look for or create disk-buffer files in their old location. To ensure that AxoSyslog uses the new dir() setting, the persist file must not contain any information about the destinations which the disk-buffer file in question belongs to.
Note
If the dir() path provided by the user does not exist, AxoSyslog creates the path with the same permission as the running instance.
flow-control-window-bytes()
| Type: | number (bytes) |
| Default: | 163840000 |
Description: Use this option if the option reliable() is set to yes. This option contains the size of the messages in bytes that is used in the memory part of the disk buffer. It replaces the old log-fifo-size() option. It does not inherit the value of the global log-fifo-size() option, even if it is provided. Note that this option will be ignored if the option reliable() is set to no.
In AxoSyslog version 4.2 and earlier, this option was called mem-buf-size().
flow-control-window-size()
| Type: | number(messages) |
| Default: | 10000 |
Description: Use this option if the option reliable() is set to no. This option contains the number of messages stored in overflow queue. It replaces the old log-fifo-size() option. It inherits the value of the global log-fifo-size() option if provided. If it is not provided, the default value is 10000 messages. Note that this option will be ignored if the option reliable() is set to yes.
In AxoSyslog version 4.2 and earlier, this option was called mem-buf-length().
front-cache-size()
| Type: | number(messages) |
| Default: | 1000 |
Description: The number of messages stored in the output buffer of the destination. Note that if you change the value of this option and the disk-buffer already exists, the change will take effect when the disk-buffer becomes empty.
Options reliable() and capacity-bytes() are required options.
In AxoSyslog version 4.2 and earlier, this option was called qout-size().
prealloc()
Description:
By default, AxoSyslog doesn’t reserve the disk space for the disk-buffer file, since in a properly configured and sized environment the disk-buffer is practically empty, so a large preallocated disk-buffer file is just a waste of disk space. But a preallocated buffer can prevent other data from using the intended buffer space (and elicit a warning from the OS if disk space is low), preventing message loss if the buffer is actually needed. To avoid this problem, when using AxoSyslog 4.0 or later, you can preallocate the space for your disk-buffer files by setting prealloc(yes).
In addition to making sure that the required disk space is available when needed, preallocated disk-buffer files provide radically better (3-4x) performance as well: in case of an outage the amount of messages stored in the disk-buffer is continuously growing, and using large continuous files is faster, than constantly waiting on a file to change its size.
If you are running AxoSyslog on a dedicated host (always recommended for any high-volume settings), use prealloc(yes).
Available in AxoSyslog 4.0 and later.
reliable()
Description: If set to yes, AxoSyslog cannot lose logs in case of reload/restart, unreachable destination or AxoSyslog crash. This solution provides a slower, but reliable disk-buffer option. It is created and initialized at startup and gradually grows as new messages arrive. If set to no, the normal disk-buffer will be used. This provides a faster, but less reliable disk-buffer option.
Warning
Hazard of data loss! If you change the value of reliable() option when there are messages in the disk-buffer, the messages stored in the disk-buffer will be lost.
truncate-size-ratio()
| Type: | number((between 0 and 1)) |
| Default: | 1 (do not truncate) |
Description: Limits the truncation of the disk-buffer file. Truncating the disk-buffer file can slow down the disk IO operations, but it saves disk space. By default, AxoSyslog version 4.0 and later doesn’t truncate disk-buffer files by default (truncate-size-ratio(1)). Earlier versions freed the disk-space when at least 10% of the disk-buffer file could be freed (truncate-size-ratio(0.1)).
AxoSyslog only truncates the file if the possible disk gain is more than truncate-size-ratio() times capacity-bytes().
- Smaller values free disk space quicker.
- Larger ratios result in better performance.
If you want to avoid performance fluctuations:
Warning
Axoflow does not recommend you to change truncate-size-ratio(). Only change its value if you understand the performance implications of doing so.
Example: Examples for using disk-buffer()
In the following case reliable disk-buffer() is used.
destination d_demo {
network(
"127.0.0.1"
port(3333)
disk-buffer(
flow-control-window-bytes(10000)
capacity-bytes(2000000)
reliable(yes)
dir("/tmp/disk-buffer")
)
);
};
In the following case normal disk-buffer() is used.
destination d_demo {
network(
"127.0.0.1"
port(3333)
disk-buffer(
flow-control-window-size(10000)
capacity-bytes(2000000)
reliable(no)
dir("/tmp/disk-buffer")
)
);
};
frac-digits()
Description: The AxoSyslog application can store fractions of a second in the timestamps according to the ISO8601 format. The frac-digits() parameter specifies the number of digits stored. The digits storing the fractions are padded by zeros if the original timestamp of the message specifies only seconds. Fractions can always be stored for the time the message was received.
Note
The AxoSyslog application can add the fractions to non-ISO8601 timestamps as well.
Note
As AxoSyslog is precise up to the microsecond, when the frac-digits() option is set to a value higher than 6, AxoSyslog will truncate the fraction seconds in the timestamps after 6 digits.
hdfs-append-enabled()
Description: When hdfs-append-enabled is set to true, AxoSyslog will append new data to the end of an already existing HDFS file. Note that in this case, archiving is automatically disabled, and AxoSyslog will ignore the hdfs-archive-dir option.
When hdfs-append-enabled is set to false, the AxoSyslog application always creates a new file if the previous has been closed. In that case, appending data to existing files is not supported.
When you choose to write data into an existing file, AxoSyslog does not extend the filename with a UUID suffix because there is no need to open a new file (a new unique ID would mean opening a new file and writing data into that).
Warning
Before enabling the hdfs-append-enabled option, ensure that your HDFS server supports the append operation and that it is enabled. Otherwise AxoSyslog will not be able to append data into an existing file, resulting in an error log.
hdfs-archive-dir()
Description: The path where AxoSyslog will move the closed log files. If AxoSyslog cannot move the file for some reason (for example, AxoSyslog cannot connect to the HDFS NameNode), the file remains at its original location. For example, hdfs-archive-dir("/usr/hdfs/archive/").
Note
When hdfs-append-enabled is set to true, archiving is automatically disabled, and AxoSyslog will ignore the hdfs-archive-dir option.
hdfs-file()
Description: The path and name of the log file. For example, hdfs-file("/usr/hdfs/mylogfile.txt"). AxoSyslog checks if the path to the logfile exists. If a directory does not exist AxoSyslog automatically creates it.
hdfs-file() supports the usage of macros. This means that AxoSyslog can create files on HDFS dynamically, using macros in the file (or directory) name.
Note
When a filename resolved from the macros contains a character that HDFS does not support, AxoSyslog will not be able to create the file. Make sure that you use macros that do not contain unsupported characters.
Example: Using macros in filenames
In the following example, a /var/testdb_working_dir/$DAY-$HOUR.txt file will be created (with a UUID suffix):
destination d_hdfs_9bf3ff45341643c69bf46bfff940372a {
hdfs(client-lib-dir(/hdfs-libs)
hdfs-uri("hdfs://hdp2.syslog-ng.example:8020")
hdfs-file("/var/testdb_working_dir/$DAY-$HOUR.txt"));
};
As an example, if it is the 31st day of the month and it is 12 o’clock, then the name of the file will be 31-12.txt.
hdfs-max-filename-length()
Description: The maximum length of the filename. This filename (including the UUID that AxoSyslog appends to it) cannot be longer than what the file system permits. If the filename is longer than the value of hdfs-max-filename-length, AxoSyslog will automatically truncate the filename. For example, hdfs-max-filename-length("255").
hdfs-resources()
Description: The list of Hadoop resources to load, separated by semicolons. For example, hdfs-resources("/home/user/hadoop/core-site.xml;/home/user/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml").
hdfs-uri()
Description: The URI of the HDFS NameNode is in hdfs://IPaddress:port or hdfs://hostname:port format. When using MapR-FS, the URI of the MapR-FS NameNode is in maprfs://IPaddress or maprfs://hostname format, for example: maprfs://10.140.32.80. The IP address of the node can be IPv4 or IPv6. For example, hdfs-uri("hdfs://10.140.32.80:8020"). The IPv6 address must be enclosed in square brackets ([]) as specified by RFC 2732, for example, hdfs-uri("hdfs://[FEDC:BA98:7654:3210:FEDC:BA98:7654:3210]:8020").
hook-commands()
Description: This option makes it possible to execute external programs when the relevant driver is initialized or torn down. The hook-commands() can be used with all source and destination drivers with the exception of the usertty() and internal() drivers.
Note
The AxoSyslog application must be able to start and restart the external program, and have the necessary permissions to do so. For example, if your host is running AppArmor or SELinux, you might have to modify your AppArmor or SELinux configuration to enable AxoSyslog to execute external applications.
Using hook-commands() when AxoSyslog starts or stops
To execute an external program when AxoSyslog starts or stops, use the following options:
startup()
Description: Defines the external program that is executed as AxoSyslog starts.
shutdown()
Description: Defines the external program that is executed as AxoSyslog stops.
Using the hook-commands() when AxoSyslog reloads
To execute an external program when the AxoSyslog configuration is initiated or torn down, for example, on startup/shutdown or during a AxoSyslog reload, use the following options:
setup()
Description: Defines an external program that is executed when the AxoSyslog configuration is initiated, for example, on startup or during a AxoSyslog reload.
teardown()
Description: Defines an external program that is executed when the AxoSyslog configuration is stopped or torn down, for example, on shutdown or during a AxoSyslog reload.
Example: Using the hook-commands() with a network source
In the following example, the hook-commands() is used with the network() driver and it opens an iptables port automatically as AxoSyslog is started/stopped.
The assumption in this example is that the LOGCHAIN chain is part of a larger ruleset that routes traffic to it. Whenever the AxoSyslog created rule is there, packets can flow, otherwise the port is closed.
source {
network(transport(udp)
hook-commands(
startup("iptables -I LOGCHAIN 1 -p udp --dport 514 -j ACCEPT")
shutdown("iptables -D LOGCHAIN 1")
)
);
};
jvm-options()
Description: Specify the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) settings of your Java destination from the AxoSyslog configuration file.
For example:
jvm-options("-Xss1M -XX:+TraceClassLoading")
You can set this option only as a global option, by adding it to the options statement of the syslog-ng.conf configuration file.
kerberos-keytab-file()
Description: The path to the Kerberos keytab file that you received from your Kerberos administrator. For example, kerberos-keytab-file("/opt/syslog-ng/etc/hdfs.headless.keytab"). This option is needed only if you want to authenticate using Kerberos in Hadoop. You also have to set the hdfs-option-kerberos-principal() option. For details on the using Kerberos authentication with the hdfs() destination, see Kerberos authentication with the hdfs() destination.
destination d_hdfs {
hdfs(client-lib-dir("/hdfs-libs/lib")
hdfs-uri("hdfs://hdp-kerberos.syslog-ng.example:8020")
kerberos-keytab-file("/opt/syslog-ng/etc/hdfs.headless.keytab")
kerberos-principal("hdfs-hdpkerberos@MYREALM")
hdfs-file("/var/hdfs/test.log"));
};
Available in AxoSyslog version 3.10 and later.
kerberos-principal()
Description: The Kerberos principal you want to authenticate with. For example, kerberos-principal("hdfs-user@MYREALM"). This option is needed only if you want to authenticate using Kerberos in Hadoop. You also have to set the hdfs-option-kerberos-keytab-file() option. For details on the using Kerberos authentication with the hdfs() destination, see Kerberos authentication with the hdfs() destination.
destination d_hdfs {
hdfs(client-lib-dir("/hdfs-libs/lib")
hdfs-uri("hdfs://hdp-kerberos.syslog-ng.example:8020")
kerberos-keytab-file("/opt/syslog-ng/etc/hdfs.headless.keytab")
kerberos-principal("hdfs-hdpkerberos@MYREALM")
hdfs-file("/var/hdfs/test.log"));
};
Available in AxoSyslog version 3.10 and later.
log-fifo-size()
| |
| Type: | number |
| Default: | Use global setting. |
Description: The number of messages that the output queue can store.
on-error()
| Type: | One of: drop-message, drop-property, fallback-to-string, silently-drop-message, silently-drop-property, silently-fallback-to-string |
| Default: | Use the global setting (which defaults to drop-message) |
Description: Controls what happens when type-casting fails and AxoSyslog cannot convert some data to the specified type. By default, AxoSyslog drops the entire message and logs the error. Currently the value-pairs() option uses the settings of on-error().
drop-message: Drop the entire message and log an error message to the internal() source. This is the default behavior of AxoSyslog.drop-property: Omit the affected property (macro, template, or message-field) from the log message and log an error message to the internal() source.fallback-to-string: Convert the property to string and log an error message to the internal() source.silently-drop-message: Drop the entire message silently, without logging the error.silently-drop-property: Omit the affected property (macro, template, or message-field) silently, without logging the error.silently-fallback-to-string: Convert the property to string silently, without logging the error.
retries()
| |
| Type: | number (of attempts) |
| Default: | 3 |
Description: If AxoSyslog cannot send a message, it will try again until the number of attempts reaches retries().
If the number of attempts reaches retries(), AxoSyslog will wait for time-reopen() time, then tries sending the message again.
template()
| |
| Type: | string |
| Default: | A format conforming to the default logfile format. |
Description: Specifies a template defining the logformat to be used in the destination. Macros are described in Macros of AxoSyslog. Please note that for network destinations it might not be appropriate to change the template as it changes the on-wire format of the syslog protocol which might not be tolerated by stock syslog receivers (like syslogd or syslog-ng itself). For network destinations make sure the receiver can cope with the custom format defined.
throttle()
Description: Sets the maximum number of messages sent to the destination per second. Use this output-rate-limiting functionality only when using disk-buffer as well to avoid the risk of losing messages. Specifying 0 or a lower value sets the output limit to unlimited.
time-reap()
| |
| Accepted values: | number (seconds) |
| Default: | 0 (disabled) |
Description: The time to wait in seconds before an idle destination file is closed. Note that if hdfs-archive-dir option is set and time-reap expires, archiving is triggered for the affected file.
time-zone()
| |
| Type: | name of the timezone, or the timezone offset |
| Default: | unspecified |
Description: Convert timestamps to the timezone specified by this option. If this option is not set, then the original timezone information in the message is used. Converting the timezone changes the values of all date-related macros derived from the timestamp, for example, HOUR. For the complete list of such macros, see Date-related macros.
The timezone can be specified by using the name, for example, time-zone("Europe/Budapest")), or as the timezone offset in +/-HH:MM format, for example, +01:00). On Linux and UNIX platforms, the valid timezone names are listed under the /usr/share/zoneinfo directory.
| |
| Type: | rfc3164, bsd, rfc3339, iso |
| Default: | rfc3164 |
Description: Override the global timestamp format (set in the global ts-format() parameter) for the specific destination. For details, see ts-format().
Note
This option applies only to file and file-like destinations. Destinations that use specific protocols (for example,
network(), or
syslog()) ignore this option. For protocol-like destinations, use a template locally in the destination, or use the
proto-template option.